As we approach the Environmental Investigation Agency’s (EIA) 40th anniversary later this year, we are revisiting significant moments from our history, particularly our efforts to combat environmental crime and abuse. Today, we spotlight a 2003 campaign aimed at ending the production of ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the European Union.
In the mid-1990s, a global agreement effectively halted CFC production in industrialized countries. However, a loophole allowed chemical companies to continue producing these harmful substances for export to developing nations. This exception led to continued CFC production in four EU countries—Italy, Spain, Greece, and the Netherlands—which collectively produced approximately 27,000 tonnes of these ozone-depleting chemicals in 2000.
EIA’s investigations revealed that European-produced CFCs were often diverted to the black market via trade brokers or shipped through various intermediary countries. This ongoing production impeded global efforts to adopt ozone-friendly alternatives.
In response, we urged EU authorities and Member State governments to pressure chemical producers to cease CFC production. Our campaign was bolstered by evidence showing the illegal trade of EU-produced CFCs.
Significant progress was made at the July preparatory meeting of the Montreal Protocol, the international agreement regulating ozone-depleting substances. During this meeting, the European Union announced the cessation of CFC production in Italy and the Netherlands, with other Member States committing to reduce their production as well.
This concerted effort marked a crucial step in protecting the ozone layer and transitioning to safer chemical alternatives worldwide.
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